Does this exist in Blender? I can’t find it.
No, it does not.
Vertex Crease should be in when OpenSubDiv is finally integrated into Blender, as you can see in that video of OpenSubDiv showcased in modo, vertex crease can be done :
Now that said, with extrusion there’s a trick to get some vertex crease-like visual in Blender
Select your vertex :
Press E
Then move that vertex to control the creasing in the way you want
Cool and handy)