How in the world do I add more of those things in edit mode?

When you click edit mode on an object it comes up with this:



How do I add more lines to the orange area?

shift D (duplicate)

E - Extrude / Shift D - Duplicate / F - Fill

Do you mean subdivide? Press W and click subdivide.

Follow a blender basics tutorial series…

You need some more work on the basics of how 3D works before you try to start modeling something, honestly.